Wednesday, 31 December 2014

The Sushruta Samhita and Plastic Surgery in Ancient India, 6th century B.C.



Plastic surgery seems to be an invention of the modern age. The desire to attain physical beauty is no doubt one of the factors that has contributed to the popularity of this procedure. Apart from cosmetic reasons, plastic surgery is also carried out for reconstructive purposes. Yet, plastic surgery has been around longer than most people realize. One of the earliest instances of plastic surgery can be found in the Sushruta Samhita, an important medical text from India. The Sushruta Samhita is commonly dated to the 6th century B.C., and is attributed to the physician Sushruta (meaning ‘very famous’ in Sanskrit). The Sushruta Samhita’s most well-known contribution to plastic surgery is the reconstruction of the nose, known also as rhinoplasty. The process is described as such:

Tuesday, 30 December 2014

40% of Plastic Surgery Customers are Men


The cosmetic and plastic surgery market in the Kingdom is witnessing a boom with a volume in excess of SR4 billion where men make up 40 percent of the customers, local media said.
Riyadh recorded the highest rate of cosmetic surgery at 70 percent, followed by Jeddah and the Eastern Province at 25 percent and 5 percent, respectively, Consultant of Plastic Surgery at King Khalid University Hospital Khalid Al-Zahrani said.

Monday, 29 December 2014

Cosmetic surgery becoming popular: Expert


Indians have also become very conscious about their looks and well-being as a lot of people have been opting for face-lift, rhinoplasty and liposuction these days, an expert revealed during the final day of Gemscon-2014, the alumni meet held at Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College on Saturday.

Wednesday, 24 December 2014

Oil, And the Precautionary Principle


Applying the precautionary principle is a useful means to establish the wisdom of undertaking an activity or to refrain from engaging in an activity when there may not be sufficient evidence as to whether or not the activity will be harmful to people, to the environment, or both. In the absence of evidence as to the potential harmful effects of the activity, it is considered the responsibility of those who engage in the activity to prove it will not be harmful. One might conclude that BP, drilling and pumping oil from the sea bed some 5000 feet below the surface, while relying on blow-out protectors that were unproven at the depth at which they would have had to operate, did so without due regard for potential harm to the public or the environment. If such is the case, well... Testing the blow-out preventers at a depth of 5000 feet is an undertaking that might be compared to space exploration. Once you decide to operate in the unpredictable environment of space the cost of doing so is simply indeterminable, unknown and could be more than one has available or that can be spent profitably.

 There are ways to take guided steps into the unknown, but we will discuss that in relation to a different subject. John Marshall stated that 'the power to tax is the power to destroy'. Historically, the oil companies have sought to establish a way to avoid paying taxes by entering into agreements with governments with rather large and powerful armies to the effect that the oil companies would agree to find oil no matter where it was or how much it would cost to get it. The 'exploration tax credit allowance' was the oil companies answer to how oil exploration would be financed.

 Simply put, the agreement between the oil companies and governments is that the oil companies will find oil with their own money but governments should not tax them, but tax the consumers of oil products instead. Because, the oil companies, argue they need all the money they receive to keep their agreement to secure oil at whatever the costs. BP drilling and pumping oil from the depths of the Gulf of Mexico convinced various governmental regulators that they had installed sufficient and workable, although relatively untested, disaster preventers on their deep sea wells. In fact and in law, it defies rational discernment as to how BP could have tested these devices properly. How does one test these devices under actual blow-out conditions e.g., cause a disaster and then learn how to contain it?

 Creating a model of blow-out conditions at the pressures and temperatures that exist at the sea bottom well-head, considering the highly variable nature of the mixture of gas, oil and ice that forms at 5000 feet below the surface of the sea is a daunting task. Under such conditions, as with climate change, the best computer models cannot distinguish between a long term trend suggesting that global warming is factual, from an abrupt change in climate suggesting simple variability. For example, there is no model of the effects of water vapour, a very big green house gas, on climate over time.

 On the one hand, the executives of BP, had an unknown cost, that is, the cost of preventing a disaster like that in the Gulf of Mexico. And, on the other hand, known costs, such as the amount of money necessary to influence governments, legislatures and courts to limit their liabilities in case of a disaster. The executives of BP applied the precautionary principle and used the preponderance of their money on the later, and not the former. This approach to liability limitation is a matter of policy, and is a result of a careful weighing of projections of known versus unknown costs. These are the kinds of decisions that the top executives of stock held companies are paid to make, that is, to do whatever is necessary to minimise liability costs and to maximise the ability to continue paying dividends to stockholders.

 Toyota, at the first inkling of a problem could have recalled millions of its cars to fix them. They made the decision, however, to spend what was necessary to pay claims, if and when, it could be proved in a court of law 'beyond a shadow of a doubt' that they were in fact responsible for the deaths or injuries that had occurred. This approach cost them less for some few years than the recall would have cost if implemented at the first inkling of a problem.

 Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4460186

Monday, 22 December 2014

Make a Medical Negligence Claim for Cosmetic Surgery Malpractice


Ten years ago, cosmetic surgery was an advanced treatment for the elite, but in our current celebrity-focused culture, aesthetic procedures have become far more common and have risen in popularity.

 Going through with cosmetic surgery is a daunting prospect, you need to make sure you find a registered clinic with qualified and experienced surgeons to ensure good standards during and after your procedure. All cosmetic surgeries should be registered with General Medical Council (GMC), who ensure proper standards in the practise of medicine. Clinics should also be registered with the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman who carry out annual health and safety inspections.

Unfortunately, prior to April 2002, cosmetic surgeries did not need to be registered, therefore doctors who are not qualified in plastic surgery are still able to operate on patients. This is why medical negligence claims for cosmetic surgery are still very common today. Some procedures such as laser surgery and botox injections are non-surgical and an unqualified person could perform these. The cosmetic surgery is under-regulated in this sense and stricter rules need to be actioned to ensure aesthetic treatments like collagen injections are administered by qualified and trained professionals.

 If you are in the unfortunate position of being unhappy with your cosmetic surgery or you feel the treatment you were given was below the standard it should have been, you might in the position to make a medical negligence claim. The first step you should take is to contact your surgeon or surgery. In most cases surgeries have brilliant aftercare assistance where you can address any issues. If you don't receive this service, your next step is to contact the Healthcare Commission in writing to move the issue forward.

If your clinic isn't registered with the Healthcare Commission you should contact a medical negligence solicitor who will have expertise in cosmetic negligence and will be able to guide in you the right direction regarding your claim. The most common plastic surgery procedures are breast enhancements and tummy tucks - the most common claims tend to involve these procedures; lop-sided breast implants, too much excess fat after a tummy tuck causing the remaining skin to shrivel and dimple, and severe scarring caused from bad surgical procedure.

Other negligence claims include bad eyesight after laser surgery, unsightly scarring after a facelift, unexpected reactions to general anesthetic and infection to open wounds because of inadequate aftercare. All patients should be well-informed of the risks of surgery before hand, giving them enough time to weigh up the pros and cons of the procedure. There have been cases where patients were told about the risks on the day of their operation, leaving them no time to consider their options - this is bad surgery malpractice.

 Clinical surgery claims rarely go to court and if your claim is successful, you will be entitled to two types of compensation. General damages (or loss of amenity) cover the suffering caused due to careless surgery and special damages cover you for your financial losses - time off work, petrol money used visiting solicitors and clinics, etc. Due to the under-regulated nature of a lot of cosmetic surgery, claims in this industry tend to be common - be sure to ask for guidance from a medical lawyer and ask for a counselling service to be provided should you need it.

 Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6437629

Wednesday, 10 December 2014

Blepharoplasty - Eyelid Surgery to Improve Vision


Eyesight is one of the most important senses for our elderly population. Good eyesight allows them independence and freedom to drive themselves to activities and appointments as well as to read, sew, do puzzles or watch television. When eyesight deteriorates with age, so does their independence. Not all eyesight loss is unavoidable and a procedure called blepharoplasty can help.

Tuesday, 9 December 2014

Asian Blepharoplasty - How Double Eyelid Surgery Refreshes the Eyes


The Asian eyes are exotic, youthful looking and beautiful. Modern fashion photography often features the Asian eyes in many advertisements that want to create an image of beauty and youth.

As we age, the skin of our face ages and becomes lax often creating a hood which falls over the eye crease and creates a tired aged appearance. In addition normal fat pockets beneath the eyes bulge and push forward to create a puffy unhealthy look.