Dangers of Brachial Plexus Injuries

The Brachial plexus is a group of nerves located in the neck and shoulder region of the body. These nerves originate from the spine stretch into the arm and down into the hand. It serves as the pathway for messages from the brain to the body parts (arm and hand). The Brachial plexus is essential for proper arm and hand function. There are a few ways this nerve is injured, the most common being injury through the birth process.

  Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

According to Boston Children's Hospital, brachial plexus birth palsy affects up to three babies per 1,000 live births. This is the condition that refers to injury of the brachial plexus as a result of the birthing process. There are varying degrees of severity for this condition depending on the nature of the injury. Some babies will be completely recovered by 3-4 months of age but others will need extensive treatment, physical therapy, and even surgery. It's important for the injury to be evaluated as soon as possible for the best possible outcomes. The prognosis will depend on the type of injury, the severity, and the location in which the damage is located. There are four types of brachial plexus injuries including: Neuroma-refers to a previously torn nerve that has since healed but is causing problems due to the scar tissue that is present Neuropraxia -(commonly referred to as a 'stretch' injury) the nerve has been stretched but there is no tear anywhere in the nerve Rupture-refers to a nerve that has been stretched and partially torn but not completely detached from the spine Avulsion-the most severe type of brachial plexus injury, it means that the nerves have been severed from the spine

  Erb Palsy

Erb's Palsy is the most common type of these occurrences that are caused by birth. It refers to an injury to the upper nerve that causes paralysis. According to WebMD, about 10% of babies diagnosed with Erb's palsy will need surgery as such injuries affect the upper and lower arm. Depending on the severity of injury, there can be a complete loss of the arm functions.

  Klumpke's Palsy

Klumpke's Palsy refers to an injury to the lower part of the brachial plexus nerve that often affects one's control and movement of the hand. Horner's Syndrome Horner's Syndrome is a complication that can occur due to a brachial plexus injury. It is characterized by a drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, or other visible eye differences on the same side of the body as the injury occurred. Another symptom of Horner's syndrome can include having different colored eyes which is a result of the nerve injury. Long Term Complications

 Long term complications will likely vary depending on the nature and severity of the injury. In general complications can include: muscle atrophy-due to the decreased or complete absence of muscle movement scoliosis-can be caused by an abnormal growth pattern osteoarthritis-refers to the abnormal wearing of one's joints which is common in people with a brachial plexus injury due to compensating for the inability to use certain body parts by over using others decreased balance-because of the lack of feeling on one side, it's common for the brain to 'favor' the more able side of the body which can lead to a lack of balance Brachial plexus injuries have the potential to have lasting effects if not treated promptly and properly. Always seek a second opinion if you feel it's necessary and get referrals for medical treatment when possible.

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